Why Bolton would have testified to the Plame grand jury

Via Steve Clemons we learn that MSNBC is reporting that John Bolton testified to the Plame Grand Jury.

According to lawyers, former Secretary of State Colin Powell and undersecretaries, including John Bolton, gave testimony about this memo.  And a lawyer for one State Department official says his client testified that, as President Bush was flying to Africa on Air Force One two years ago, Press Secretary Ari Fleischer could be seen reading the document on board.

Gosh, that's funny, because just this morning we learned from the NYT that Bolton had not listed the Plame investigation as an ongoing legal issue when he filled out a form for his UN appointment (it is possible, of course, he had not yet been asked to testify when he filled out the form).

Democrats who have been eager to focus attention on the case have urged reporters to look into the role of several other administration officials, including John R. Bolton, who was then under secretary of state for arms control and international security and has since been nominated by Mr. Bush to be ambassador to the United Nations.

In his disclosure form for his confirmation hearings, Mr. Bolton made no mention of being interviewed in the case, a government official said.

I know I said yesterday that this memo may be a red herring. And I still suspect that it might be a red herring as far as it relates to what occurred on Air Force One. But Bolton's testimony suggests that the lead-up to its publication might be significant. Bolton and his department should be a prominent feature in that memo. If he isn't, then it suggests he was involved deeply in its publication. And even if he is included, it explains why he'd be involved in its production.

Recall that the memo is the State Department's attempt to summarize its disagreement over the Niger allegations. Plame's role was just a small part of the memo--two sentences in a three-page memo. As the WaPo describes it:

Plame -- who is referred to by her married name, Valerie Wilson, in the memo -- is mentioned in the second paragraph of the three-page document, which was written on June 10, 2003, by an analyst in the State Department's Bureau of Intelligence and Research (INR), according to a source who described the memo to The Washington Post.

[snip]

Almost all of the memo is devoted to describing why State Department intelligence experts did not believe claims that Saddam Hussein had in the recent past sought to purchase uranium from Niger. Only two sentences in the seven-sentence paragraph mention Wilson's wife.

[snip]

The memo was drafted June 10, 2003, for Undersecretary of State Marc Grossman, who asked to be brought up to date on INR's opposition to the White House view that Hussein was trying to buy uranium in Africa.

[snip]

On July 6, 2003, shortly after Wilson went public on NBC's "Meet the Press" and in The Post and the New York Times discussing his trip to Niger, the INR director at the time, Carl W. Ford Jr., was asked to explain Wilson's statements for Powell, according to sources familiar with the events. He went back and reprinted the June 10 memo but changed the addressee from Grossman to Powell. [emphasis mine]

We know from the SSCI report there are several moments when people in State challenged the Niger allegations:

• An account of Wilson's trip, the planning meeting of which an INR analyst attended (40-1)
• An number of comments from INR analysts, particularly those written by a person described in the SSCI as "the Iraq nuclear analyst"
• Two cables from Ambassador Owens-Kirkpatrick describing her meeting and General Fulford's meeting with the President of Niger (37, 41)
• A report entitled Niger: Sale of Uranium to Iraq is Unlikely, written by Greg Thielmann (42)
• Disagreements INR analysts registered against the NIE prepared in September 2002, including the text box that famously got separated from the Niger findings (52-4)
• Two records of the INR nuclear analyst questioning the Niger forgeries, first in an e-mail written as soon as he received the documents (October 2002) and then in an email shared with analysts from several agencies (January 2002)
• Powell's speech to the UN, in which he had decided not to mention the Niger allegations after personally assessing the intelligence over the course of four days (66-8)

When you look at it, it's pretty clear State shouldn't have had anything to worry about, once it was discovered that the Niger documents were false. After all, they had been questioning the documents (and the allegation more generally) from day one.

But there are a few reasons why Colin Powell got put in the difficult position of trying to explain the forgeries away: "We were aware of this piece of evidence, and it was provided in good faith to the [U.N.] inspectors."

• The documents were passed from SISMI to CIA and the Embassy in Italy, but only the Embassy passed the documents back to anyone in the US--and they passed them directly to Bolton's department (58)
• Colin Powell made a speech in Davos on January 26, 2003 unquestioningly referencing the allegations (interestingly, the SSCI report does not talk about how that speech was vetted) (64)
• State produced a "fact sheet" summarizing the problems with Iraq's December 7 declaration to the UN (60-1)

The fact sheet is particularly important because it served a central role in our justification for the war at the UN. It was primarily the fact sheet, for example, that caused State to be the target of criticism in a UN and CIA-sourced article slamming the intelligence on the war published in the first few days of the war [hat tip to littlesky for pointing me to this article].

"The policy guys make decisions about things like this," said one official, referring to the uranium evidence. When the State Department "fact sheet" was issued, the official said, "people winced and thought, 'Why are you repeating this trash?' "

[snip]

The State Department's December fact sheet, issued to point out glaring omissions in a declaration Iraq said accounted for all of its prohibited weapons, said the declaration "ignores efforts to procure uranium from Niger." Asked this week to comment on the fact sheet, a CIA spokesman referred questions on the matter to the State Department, where a spokesman said "everything we wrote in the fact sheet was cleared with the agency."

The State Department spokesman here may be parsing words. Because the SSCI tells a slightly different story about the way that document was vetted.

The fact sheet was written in John Bolton's shop by the Non-Proliferation Special Assistant, who may be Fred Fleitz (Fleitz describes his role as Special Assistant in his testimony at the Bolton hearings) at the request of Richard Boucher. The Special Assistant prepared the draft on December 18 and sent the document to WINPAC's Director at CIA for edits (incidentally, Fleitz in his Bolton testimony is adamant about the central role of WINPAC, his CIA home, in vetting documents). NSC received the document from WINPAC; they suggested the change of the word "Niger" to "Africa." Only the next day did the Special Assitant email the draft to INR.

At 11:28 a.m. on the morning of December 19, 2002, NP e-mailed its draft fact sheet to several offices in the State Department, including INR's Office of Analysis for Strategic, Proliferation, and Military Issues (SPM). NP sent the e-mail to the senior analyst in the office and did not indicate that there was a response deadline for comments. At 12:20 p.m. the senior analyst passed the fact sheet to three other analysts to solicit comments. At 1:12 p.m. the _____ Iraq nuclear analyst in SPM sent comments to NP requesting that the word "reported" be added before "efforts" in the sentence, "the declaration ignores efforts to procure uranium from Niger." The e-mail added, "as you know, INR assess this reporting as dubious. Policymakers are entitled to leave out the word 'reported,' but the INR/SPM would not sign off on such a move." The INR's comments did not reach NP before the fact sheet had already been forwarded to the Office of Public Affairs. NP did not try to retrieve the document from PA to make the INR's recommended change.

According to the State Department Inspector General, shortly after the fact sheet was posted, NP drafted a cable to all embassies which included the fact sheet, Ambassador Negroponte's speech, and Secretary Powell's public remarks. By this time, aware that the Niger reference in the Negroponte speech had been changed [by the NSC], NP changed the text of the fact sheet that was included in the cable to "abroad" instead of "Niger." None of the text was ever changed to qualify the uranium information as "reported" as recommended by INR. (61; emphasis mine)

So the single biggest thing State did wrong in the lead-up to war was done at Bolton's direction, clearly defying State's own intelligence analysts.

Which is why I think the requirement that Bolton testify to the grand jury about his role is notable. Of course, that means that Bolton had a role in preparing the INR memo, after the time when Dick Cheney had already asked for a work-up on Wilson. If we learned anything in Bolton's appointment hearings, we know that Bolton has been known to misrepresent his role in hassling analysts, particularly as it relates to the vetting process. And we know that as recently as last spring, State was lying about Bolton's role in the Niger fact sheet. From a Henry Waxman memo (PDF) that complains about excessive secrecy,

In April 2004, the State Department used the designation "sensitive but unclassified" to conceal unclassified information about the role of John Bolton, Under Secretary of State for Arms Control, in the creation of a fact sheet distributed to the United Nations that falsely claimed Iraq had sought uranium from Niger.

[snip]

On July 21, 2003, I wrote to Secretary of State Colin Powell, asking for an explanation of the role of John Bolton, Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and International Security, in creating the document. On September 25, 2003, the State Department responded with a definitive denial: "Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and International Security Affairs, John R. Bolton, did not play a role in the creation of this document." [emphasis mine]

Note the dates closely. Waxman first requested information from Powell in July 2003, right after Plame's identity had been leaked and at a time when Cheney was aggressively trying to deny any knowledge that the Niger allegations were bunk. Then State lies to hide Bolton's role in September, at a time when CIA was pressing hard for an investigation into the Plame outing. (Note, it's also just 10 days after David Wurmser, another of Bolton's assistants and a neocon in excellent standing, was moved to Cheney's office.)

What does this mean for the Plame case (as opposed to Bolton's fitness to be ambassador to the UN)?

First, it may explain why the INR memo did not get circulated to Powell sooner. It was dated June 10, but Powell did not see it until July 7. We know Bolton's involvement in the vetting process had held things up--or even scuttled them--before. More importantly, if Bolton was involved in the production of the document, it might mean that he was battling with INR over what to include. At the least, I suspect Bolton would have tried to remove any mention and responsibility for the Iraq fact sheet, as someone at State did for him in September 2002. But it might mean Bolton pushed to include other details or a particular spin in the memo. And keep in mind that Fred Fleitz probably knew Valerie Plame and her clandestine status from his other home at WINPAC.

Did John Bolton intervene to change the contents of that memo? And given that he apparently didn't disclose his involvement on his appointment form, did he subsequently lie about it to the Grand Jury?

MSNBC implies that other undersecretaries were asked to testify in addition to Bolton. I presume that includes Marc Grossman, who commissioned the memo. If Bolton misrepresented his role in the memo, I wonder if Grossman would set the record straight.

Breaking breaking, you gotta love breaking!!
Clemons is now reporting that Bolton has always been a very good source for Judy Miller.

Comments

[emptywheel]

Note, wrt the Marc Grossman question. It is understood that Grossman was an ally of Powell and Armitage at State. He was expected to resign after they did. But then when he did resign rather suddenly, there was a bit of talk about the suddenness of the announcement.

[RonK, Seattle]

Clemons now reports Bolton was Judith Miller source -- with some regularity, not necessarily on this matter.

Strong coffee brewing.

[DemFromCT]

Wow. [speculation follows]: Miller protecting Bolton? Bolton denies testifying when he testified? Wonder what that does to his chances of being at the UN?

Probably no effect whatsoever. These folks just don't live in the same world we do.

Popcorn, anyone?

[Kagro X]

Bolton testified, and Hughes, too. Now with the golden boy's nomination-to-SCOTUS-as-failed-distraction, are there any nominations pending that aren't connected to this many-headed beast?

[emptywheel]

Popcorn indeed.

I actually think the Bolton nomination is dead. And if Bush were to recess him he'd have a rebellion from his own party. Don't forget, though, Voinovich saying, in a plaintive tone, "I've seen the real reason he was nominated for this post."

[DemFromCT]

I actually think the Bolton nomination is dead.

today is the first day I think you might be right about that. Bet Bush blames Frist.

[RonK, Seattle]

While we're rummaging through document troves, looking for fresh intuitions, here's one I posted in Billmon's comment area back on 2003-07-11:

A cagey old forger from Niger
Concocts dodgey doc's at his leisure
His bull-fudge passed "kosher"
Just enough for Blair's dossier
By a wink, and a nudge ... and a seizure.

[Alternate ending:
"And the grand dame of scam (Condoleezzer)."]

[emptywheel]

Anyone remember where I put my indictments prediction? I'm pretty sure I got Bolton on there but good, I want to see who else I got on there.

[jonnybutter]

It is understood that Grossman was an ally of Powell and Armitage at State.

Evidently, Grossman is a career guy rather than a political guy - a Republican who Clinton just kept on, and, yes, a Powell/Armitage guy.

[Sara]

Grossman is also a friend of Joe Wilson's. When Grossman was ambassador to Turkey in the mid 1990's he worked closely with Wilson who was then the Chief Diplomat attached to the US NATO command. They had much to do together dealing with aspects of Northern Watch -- the Air cover flown out of Turkey by NATO.

[al-Fubar]

Oh, my.

It doesn't change his nomination prospects, because those were dead when Bush didn't recess appoint him on July 4. I suspect the point of Bolton was always more to cow the Senate by ramming him through, rather than merely to set him loose in the UN china shop.

It's one further indicator, though, of just how much the White House has been blindsided by the Plame affair. Most of the investigators' interviews were probably a year or so ago - remember that Fitzgerald waited till last to call in Cooper and Miller, and it had to go through the courts.

So, chances are that Bolton had already been interviewed by the investigators, and the White House still sent him up before the Senate, not reporting the interview and thus adding to Bolton's own potential legal exposure.

What's that thing about hubris?

-- Rick Robinson

[Steve]

I was curious exactly what question Bolton failed to answer. While the exact text of the form he had to supply the Foreign Relations Committee is not available online, the Brookings Presidential Appointment Initiative suggests the following as a likely candidate:

Have you been interviewed or asked to supply any information for a congressional or grand jury investigation within the past five years, except routine congressional testimony? If so, provide details.

If that's the case, uh, the omission is pretty glaring.

[emptywheel]

Steve,

Great find.

Rick,

I think there's a decent change they KNEW this was breaking. Recall what Voiny said. "I've seen why he was really nominated to this post." And how odd is it that there was no mention of the Plame thing during his hearing (at least not publicly)? I mean, it's as clear as day (well, not really, but it's there) in the SSCI that Bolton was responsible for the Niger claim in the fact sheet. And it's also as clear as day that he was involved in the SAME kind of bullying there as he was with Westermann. When asked what he meant when he said Bolton was a serial abuser, why didn't Carl Ford mention Niger?

Btw, I have a suspicion of the source of some of the few good leaks coming out right now.

Carville.

Presumably, he and Mary "testified before the Grand Jury" Matalin have discussed this, both before and after she testified. Further, according to a note on Clemons' thread, someone on CNN corrected Carville that BOlton had NOT spoken before the GJ. Um. My guess is Carville knows more about the Grand Jury that any other non-interviewee, lawyer, or prosecutor. Which would suggest Mary might be talking more generally.

Besides, if you were Mary and only partly employed by this creep, you were married to a Democrat, and you were writing childrens books don't you think you'd trade immunity for a long conversation with the GJ?

[al-Fubar]

emptywheel - Perhaps Mary's finding out who really loves ya, baby.

Voinovich's line was odd, but if sending Bolton to the UN was his payoff for services rendered, man was that reckless.

Not as if these guys are ever a reckless bunch, or anything like that.

-- Rick Robinson

[Mimikatz]

Good guess about Carville and Matalin. Norah Ehpron recently said she had gotten Bernstein to tell her who Deep Throat was while they were married, after she guessed Felt. Watch where Matalin goes--she may be an early indication.

I know Fitz seemed to have his investigation wrapped up when they started litigating Cooper's and Miller's privilege claims, but I suspect they have been busy in the interim, and somewhere I read that in his papers on that issue, Fitz said the investigation had taken a new turn.

Rove really does seem to have been way out of his depth when he got involved in foreign and security policy. He had apparently always followed Cheney's lead in that area. Not the most astute mind in this Admin, despite his reputation. Mr. really-wrong-about-almost-everything-he-touched.

[emptywheel]

Well, they've gotten slightly more careful of late. Rather than sending Abu G to SCOTUS in payment for obstructing justice on this Plame thing and giving Bush the right to torture anyone anytime, he settled for giving Roberts the nod in payment for services rendered in 2000.

[kainah]

On Mary Matalin...... So glad to see you suggesting this, emptywheel. I tumbled upon it last weekend when I suddenly remembered the short-lived HBO series, K Street. In case you never watched or don't remember this show, it was a hybrid mix of reality and fiction, produced by George Clooney, that focused on a fictional K Street firm run by Matalin and Carville. It ran from Sept 2003 until late November. At the end, they issued this:

Daily Variey reports (11/24/03) that "HBO and Section Eight partners Steven Soderbergh and George Clooney have mutually decided to retire 'K Street'... HBO and the duo have agreed to return with another limited-run series to be shot in the same way but set in a different venue."

Nothing else has appeared and I wondered at the time if it wasn't cancelled because the Plame story had gotten very hot and Matalin was in the thick of it.

Week 5, airing Oct 12, 2003 has this summary: Mary Matalin defends herself against rumors that she may been the source of the recent leak of a CIA agent's identity.

Of course, all of the Washington elite were delighted to get some face time on the show, playing themselves. It would be very interesting to see these episodes again or to get transcripts. In my searching earlier, I found no transcripts and the show has apparently never been re-aired. (Pretty odd, in and of itself, for an HBO original series.)

It was extraordinarily hard

[kainah]

Whoops!!!

Forget that "it was extraordinarily hard" in comment above! I was going to say 'iweh' to figure out where the reality met fiction in the show -- but I tabbed it down & then forgot. Silly me.

[emptywheel]

Wow, kainah, no, I've never even heard of the show (my tv watching is pretty limited to football). But that's incredibly interesting since October is when BushCo were in their fullest obstruction phase.

The biggest thing mitigating against Matalin having gotten immunity is that she worked on the re-election campaign. Was she on the campaign all the way through? I know she was consulting on it.

[al-Fubar]

What could the campaign do, fire her? What if she said she was fired for cooperating with the Plame investigation?

I remember hearing about the "K Street" show, though I never saw it. But that episode summary is truly surreal.

-- Rick Robinson

[Sara]

According to Wilson (again -- chorus) Matalin was in the March meeting in the VP's office where the conspiracy was apparently hatched. Mary is a PR type, not a policy wonk -- so she would have been there in that sort of communications capacity.

If she has talked to Fitzgerald, she could testify as to the meeting, which was apparently set up by Libby. I have long had a strong feeling that if Mary had any involvement in this at some point Carville would have sat her down, and as a lawyer (and he is one) reviewed with her the legal consequences of participating in a conspiracy. He probably would have shown her pictures of camp cupcake, then paraded their children through the room, and then delivered some orders. James knows the game of kibutzing from the outside -- but he also knows a thing or two about what not to do when prosecutors get serious.

[Mimikatz]

If you are right, Sara, several people are in deep sh*t. It would explain the judges' comments about "the plot to get Wilson" and the "serious crimes." How could she keep on in the WH if she had done that? Wouldn't she have to quit to spend time with her family? It does make snese, though, given Carville's experience being on the wrong end of a Special Prosecutor investigation.

[Mimikatz]

Hmmmm. Matalin left as Cheney's spokesperson December 13, 2002. Just before the Special prosecutor was appointed.

[Coldblue Steele]

re: Mary Matalin

Fred Barnes wrote on 7/28/03

The first step was to declassify and release the portion of the NIE entitled "Iraq's Continuing Programs for Weapons of Mass Destruction." Iraq, the intelligence document says, has been "vigorously trying to procure uranium ore" in Somalia and Congo as well as Niger. And there's more to come in the campaign for Bush's recovery. Congressional Republicans are joining the fight. The White House has brought back Mary Matalin, the Republican operative and ex-Cheney aide, to manage the media campaign. Maybe it will work. But the truth is, it shouldn't have been necessary at all.

[emptywheel]

Sara,

The picture cracks me up. But you're right, I hadn't thought about Carville's experience with Special Prosecutors.

Rick,

The reason I find her work on the campaign (that is, 2004) suspicious is that BushCo is intensely suspicious, and they would never touch anyone who they thought was cooperating with the prosecutor. So maybe she was able to keep it secret. But I doubt it. Plus, if they brought her back in any senior status at all, she would be in a position to find more information.

Mimikatz,

Matalin left before the Niger documents blew up, 2002 not 2003. But as Coldblue points out, she came back and worked on the pushback related to Niger.

Fitzgerald started offering immunity deals in January 2004. Mary testified that month according to this article. Here's the Matalin-related stuff:

Mary Matalin, former counselor to Vice President Cheney, testified Jan. 23, the sources said.

[snip]

Matalin, reached by telephone, said, "I can't comment."

But this article, curiously posted the same day, says that Matalin was going to consult on the campaign.

Outside political advisers, including pollster Ed Goeas and Mary Matalin, who worked for Dick Cheney, are consulting with the campaign,

So as of the day she testified, she was supposed to work on the campaign. Did she? I don't find anything else immediately, although I haven't looked that hard.

BTW, anyone know WaPo's policy on archiving? The first story has gone dead in the last few days (I used it in my timeline post). Which is odd since it comes up third or so on google.

[emptywheel]

Point of clarification. THe dates on those two Matalin stories: she testified on the 23rd, the report of her consulting appeared on the 24th.

[Kagro X]

Well, I absolutely do recall that "K Street" episode, although not all the specifics. In fact, I brought it up in a recent converstaion at Daily Kos.

How funny to see that come back, yet again.